مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران
پیاپی 91 (امرداد 1391)

Background and Based on the epidemiologic studies، stroke has become one of the fundamental problems in the Middle East. Considering to the role of serum paraoxonase (PON1) in stroke، the present study designed to evaluate the prognostic importance of paraoxonase to arylesterase activity ratio (Para/Aryl) and ratios of the activities to HDL in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke. In this case-control study، 85 patients with ischemic stroke (46 men and 39 women) and 71 control individuals (38 men and 33 women) were enrolled. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were determined spectrophotometrically using paraoxon and phenylacetate as the substrates، respectively. Lipid profile was assayed using laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was performed by t-test، Chi-square and Spearman Correlation tests. Compared with the control group، apo A1 levels were significantly decreased (P=0. 000). Among three ratios of Para/Aryl، Para/HDL and Aryl/HDL، the greatest statistical difference belonged to Para/Aryl (P=0. 016). Para/HDL and Aryl/HDL ratios were higher in patients than controls (P=0. 097 and P=0. 57، respectively). There was a significant positive correlation (r= 0. 268، P= 0. 015) between arylesterase activity and apo A1 levels in patients. It concluded that in the evaluation of PON1 status in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke، the assay of Para/Aryl and Para/HDL ratios are better indicators of measuring the activity alone. Increased amounts of Para/Aryl، Para/HDL and Aryl/HDL and reduced levels of Aryl may be considered as prognostic biomarkers in the study patients.

Background and Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers in the world. Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in north of Iran. Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by a novel subset of CD4+ Th cells (Th-17)، and it causes the occurrence and strengthening the inflammatory response. This study aimed to assess the association between IL-17F- A7488G polymorphism and potential susceptibility to gastric cancer. A case-control study consisting of 161 gastric cancer patients with mean age 62. 14 ± 12. 6 and 171 healthy controls with mean age 58. 93 ± 14. 2 was conducted. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotypes of - A7488G polymorphism were assessed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of G allele was higher in gastric cancer patients (12. 1%) compared with the control group (9. 15%)، but these differences were not significant (P═0. 22). In addition، the distribution of GG genotype was not significantly differed between the patients and the controls (4. 3% vs. 1. 8%، P=0. 182). Furthermore، logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association between the presence of 7488G allele and clinical stages (P=0. 28)، tumor grade (P=0. 36) and H. pylori infection (P=0. 89). These results suggest that IL-17F A7488G polymorphism in the promoter of IL-17F gene is not directly assumed as a genetic risk factor in the predisposition to gastric cancer.

Background and Given the importance of trauma associated oral soft tissue lesions and their clinical similarities to neoplastic lesions، this study was performed to determine the frequency of these lesions in a population of northern Iran. This retrospective study was done using existing patient records in the archives of two referral pathology department for oral lesions in Babol. Patients'' demographic criteria، location and characteristics of trauma-related lesions with clinical and histopathological diagnosis were obtained. Four hundred and forty-six cases associated with trauma were found. All lesions associated with trauma were created in soft tissues. The mean age of patients was 36. 82 ± 0. 9 years. 185 (41. 5%) patients were male and 261 patients (58. 5%) were female. Most common location of lesions was gingiva (45. 3%) and lip (24. 9%)، respectively. The most common lesion was pyogenic granuloma (25. 6%). The mean age of patients with frictional keratosis and epulis fissuratum was more than other lesions and in cases with mucocele was less than other patients. 62 cases of lesions (14. 4%) were seen in people less than 15 years. The most common site of involvement in people less than 15 years was the lips and gums with the same prevalence and the most common lesion was mucocele. Concordance between histopathological and clinical diagnosis in were seen in 54. 7%. It seems that the trauma associated lesions have a relatively high prevalence in the oral cavity and in the female patients. Trauma associated soft-tissue lesions are more common than hard tissue، probably due to more contact with local stimulus factors. The results of this study is valuable as epidemiological evidence، the importance of these lesions is determined for dental professionals.

Background and The wide spread use of pesticides in public health and agricultural programs has caused environmental pollution and increased risk of acute and chronic of human poisonings. Diazinon after malathion is one of the most commonly used OPCs in the world. Several studies suggest that organophosphate compounds that cause oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The study was performed on the male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into 15 groups and 4 weeks Chemicals (Diazinon، L-carnitine، and selenium) recived intraperitoneally. Group 1 (normal saline)، 2 (soya oil)، 3 (Diazinon 20 mg/kg)، 4، 5 and 6 groups (doses 50، 100 and 150 mg/kg L-carnitine)، 7، 8 and 9 groups (doses 50، 100 and 150 mg/kg L-carnitine + Diazinon 20 mg/kg)، group 10، 11 and 12 (doses 0. 5، 1 mg/kg 2 sodium selenite)، 13. 14 and 15 groups (doses 0. 5، 1 mg/kg 2 sodium selenite + Diazinon 20 mg/kg). 24 hours after last injection، the animals received ketamine anesthesia and liver tissue was removed. After liver tissue homogenization، glutathione (GSH) level were determined by Elman method. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using one-way variance analysis and Tukey’s test. Diazinon in compared with the control group decreased glutathione level and L-carnitine in a dose-dependent manner increases GSH levels. Selenium with 0. 5 mg/kg dose resulted in a significant increase in GSH level compared with diazinon alone (P> 0. 05). Diazinon induced the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The depleted GSH content is indicator of oxidative tissue injury. Selenium and L-Carnitine improved the body''s antioxidant status against organophosphate pesticide، such as diazinon

Background and Hypercholesterolemia may enhance haemostatic factors which are considered as cardiovascular risk factors. Allium hirtifolium Boiss (Mosir) has been shown to have cardioprotective effect. This study، therefore، aimed to evaluate the effects of Allium hirtifolium Boiss on factor VII and fibrinogen blood levels. Its antioxidant activity was also measured. In an experimental study، 24 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly designated into 3 groups of 8 and were fed for 60 days as follows: normal diet، hypercholestrol (1%) diet، hypercholestrol (1%) diet + Allium hirtifolium. At the beginning and 60 days after the start of the study، the blood fibrinogen and factor 7 were measured and compared in different groups. Allium hirtifolium antioxidant capacity was measured using the beta-carotene linoleate. Fallowing two months، the blood fibrinogen and factor 7 were higher in hypercholesterolemic group (26. 7 ± 329. 22 and 17. 1 ± 277. 7 mg/dl) compared to normal diet group (13. 7 ± 287. 25 and 18. 2 ± 230. 0 mg/dl، respectively) (P<0. 05). The amount of blood fibrinogen and factor 7 were decreased in hypercholesterol + Allium hirtifolium Boiss group (23. 9 ± 180. 00 and 53. 3 ± 237. 0 mg/dl) compared to hypercholesterol diet group (P<0. 05). The antioxidant activity of Allium hirtifolium extract was 52. 1 ± 3. 3%. Allium hirtifolium Boiss may have beneficial effect on heart by decreasing blood fibrinogen and factor 7 as cardiovascular risk factors. These effects of Mosir should be considered carefully in patients with hemostatic disorders.

Background and The adrenergic system is known to have modulatory influence on anxiety-related behaviour both in human and animals. Dorsal hippocampus is an important brain site in modulation of neurotransmittery and neuroendocrinology of anxiety. The present study، was designed to evaluate the interactions between adrenergic and opioidergic systems in dorsal hippocampus on anxiety. The male Wistar rats، weighting 200-250 grams، were used. At the time of surgery the animals were anesthetized and placed in the stereotaxic apparatus and were cannulated bilaterally. The elevated plus-maze was used to measure the anxiety. Percentage of open arm time (OAT%) and open arm entry (OAE%) was used for evaluation of anxiety. Intra peritoneal administration of morphine (6mg/kg) increased the percentage of open arm time (OAT%) in anxiety test، indicating anxiolytic-like effect. Intra dorsal hippocampus infusion of salbutamol، β2-adrenergic receptor agonist، (4μg/rat) increased OAT% in anxiety test، demonstrating anxiolytic-like effect. While co-administration of intra dorsal hippocampus salbutamol (4μg/rat) and ineffective dose of morphine (4mg/kg) showed significant increase of OAT% in anxiety test، thus presenting anxiolytic response. Intra dorsal hippocampus administration of propranolol، β2-adrenergic receptor non-selective antagonist، (4μg/rat) decreased OAT%، indicating of decrease anxiety-like behaviour. While co-administration of intra dorsal hippocampus propranolol (4μg/rat) and effective dose of morphine (6mg/kg) showed a significant increase of OAT%، presenting anxiolytic response. Co-administration of ineffective doses of morphine (4mg/kg) and propranolol (1μg/rat) with the effective dose of salbutamol (4μg/rat)، showed that propranolol could reverse the anxiolytic-like effect of morphine and salbutamol. It should be noted that there are no significant changes in locomotor activity. The results indicate that morphine creates the compromise changes in adrenergic neurons of dorsal hippocampus by changing the effects of β-adrenergic system on anxiety.

Background and Hemodialysis patients undergo high levels of psychological stress. Therefore، the present study has been conducted to determine the effect of Benson relaxation on stress among in Hemodialysis patients. The present research is a two-group experimental controlled trial done in 2011، in which 40 Available Hemodialysis patients were selected from ImamKhomeini and Fatemeh Zahra Sari Educational hospital as the interventional group، and 40 Hemodialysis patients in the same hospital as the control group، and Benson relaxation training with video tape to intervention group and were performed by experimental group for 15 minute twice a day during one months، after primary training with video tape by the researcher. Data-collecting instruments included demographic information forms and a specific hemodialysis stress scale questionnaire (HSS-Baldree1982)، which were evaluated before and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 statistical software using descriptive statistics، T test، Chi-square، co-variate analysis. Mean stress value in case group before intervention was 64. 75 ± 18. 173 and after intervention was 36. 2 ± 9. 471. Analysis between the mean stress values of the study participants showed significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group (P<0. 001). While this difference was not significant in the control group. Performing the low-costand simple Benson relaxation is accompanied by Improving living conditions of Hemodialysis patients، and a positive step can be taken toward Improvement and prevention of the patients'' psychological problems as well as other chronic disorders through applying these practices.

Background and During intense and prolonged exercise، generate the reactive oxygen species that leads to cell damage. It seems that the use of antioxidant supplements reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on oxidative stress in elite karate athletes. Sixteen elite male karate athletes were randomly divided into two experimental groups (supplement) and control (placebo) groups. Subjects was consumed 1200 mg omega 3 (720 mg EPA and 480 mg DHA) and the placebo daily for 4 weeks. Both groups participated in increased karate training programs (3 days a week for a month). Blood sampling were performed pre and post the training period to analyze oxidative stress index (malondialdehyde) and anti-oxidative index (superoxide dismutases) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides). The student’s t-test was used to analyze of the two groups Taking omega 3 led to a significant reduction in resting malondialdehyde levels in experimental group (t = 2. 38، p =0. 045) and no significant change in the placebo group (t = 0. 708، p =0. 506). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 065،t=2). Superoxide dismutases rate were no significant increases in experimental group and the placebo (respectively p = 0. 792، t = 0. 272، p = 0. 186، t=1. 39). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 186،t=1. 39). Cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in experimental group (P=0. 018، t=2. 97) and no significant change in the placebo group (P=0. 514، t=0. 694). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 172،t=1. 44). Concentration of triglyceride decreased significantly in experimental and placebo groups (respectively، P=0. 428، t=0. 835، P=0. 217، t=1. 38). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 315،t=1. 04). omega 3 supplementation increases serum levels of antioxidant and decreases oxidant biomarkers and decline resting levels of lipid profiles in exercise-trained men، but does not appear necessary for exercise-induced attenuation in oxidative stress. Therefore، for more accurate conclusions regarding the effects of omega-3 and exercise on oxidant / antioxidant factors on trained pepole more research is needed

Background and Pain is the most common reason people seek health care. In fact، pain and the way to control it is one of the hygiene problems in the world. Vein Puncture is one of the most usual invasive procedures performed by nurses. Hence finding methods to decrease the pain caused by vein puncture is very crucial. This study was conducted to identify the effect of EMLA (Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream on vein puncture pain severity with vein catheter in the patients undergoing cesarean section A randomized، placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 women undergoing cesarean section in Imam Ali Hospital in Amol and referred from 9 April 2010 to 10 June 2010. They were selected sequential and randomly divided to EMLA group (E group) or Placebo group (P group) in equal numbers. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire، Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to identify vein catheter insertion pain severity and a checklist for possible side effects of EMLA and Vaseline cream. Content and inter-rater methods were used for validity and reliability of the tools respectively The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics using SPSS Software ver. 16. The pain of Vein Puncture with EMLA cream was significantly lower than that with the Vaseline cream (P<0. 001). In addition، a short term side effect (blanching) in 20% of subjects was detected with EMLA cream. Compared to Vaseline cream، EMLA cream application significantly reduces the pain associated with vein catheter insertion. Our study recommends the use of EMLA cream one hour before intravenous cannulation.

Background and Educational program to enhance elder''s nutritional knowledge to improve their food consumption pattern is essential. A stage of change model (Transtheoretical model) is one of the methods to identify and change in diet. This study was conducted to determine effect of Transtheoretical educational model on nutritional knowledge of elders in Gilane-gharb County in 2010 this qasi-experimental study، implemented with participation of 150 elders sixty ages and above. Participants selected by systematic sampling method and categorized in tow groups (experimental and control) with equal proportions. Data gathering tools that used in this study were: 1- questionnaire of nutritional knowledge related to food pyramid and 2- questionnaire of stages of fruit and vegetable consumption. After implementing pre-test، participants based on stages of change، divided into 5 groups، and educational intervention performed by group discussion and lecture methods; using pamphlet and poster for diverse groups in healthy center (two sessions for pre-contemplation، contemplation، preparation and one session for action and maintenance). Data was analyzed using SPSS17 by use of central indexes، independent and paired T-test، one way ANOVA and chi-square tests. mean age of experimental and control groups were 65. 2 ± 4. 12 and 65. 4 ± 3. 91 respectively. Before educational intervention، differences in other demographic variables، knowledge score and stages of fruit and vegetable consumption between experimental and control groups not significant. Result showed that score mean of knowledge in experimental group promoted (from 7. 82 ± 2. 4 to 10. 4 ± 2. 34) after educational intervention (P<0. 001). Fruit and vegetable consumption in compared before intervention had significant difference and was pushed to motivational (preparation) and more active (action) stages. based on finding of this study، educational program based on the stages of change model، had positive effect on nutritional knowledge and the stages of fruit and vegetable consumption. Since the health of elderly is healthy priority of community، Design and implementation of such interventions to improve nutritional behaviors، seems to be essential for this group.

Background and sexual dysfunction in women is very common that impact on physical and mental health، confidence and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunction and related reproductive factors in women referred to health centers of sari city in 2006. this study was cross-sectional. Statistical population consisted of all married women aged 16-53 years referred to health centers of sari in 2006. The number of 899 women with multi-stage sample selected and data extraction methods were interviews and FSFI، related factors questionnaires. statistical analysis through chi-square and T test were preformed. frequency of sexual dysfunction was %45. 2، each of the domains of sexual pain disorder %47. 3، orgasm disorder %42. 7، lubrication disorder %39. 8، sexual desire disorder % 39. 6 and stimulation disorder% 35/5 respectively. In this study sexual dysfunction with age of menarche and the fear of pregnancy had significant relationship and whit parity، interval between menstrual، duration of menstrual bleeding and contraceptive methods was not significant. According to research findings، frequency of sexual dysfunction is relatively high in the community. Recommended counceling centers and sex education in health centers will be created.

When abdominal and thorasic organs are inversed it is called situs inversus and when most of the these organs are positioned abnormally and heterogenic It is called situs ambigus (Heterotoxy syndrome) which is a rare congenital defect (Incidence 1. 44 in 100/000 live birth) In these، abnormal organs shift which could be to the Right side or left side (Right Isomerism، Left Isomerism). One of the Heterotoxy main subgroups is Right Isomerism، asplenia which is accompanied with centrally located liver، asplenia، two morphologic Right side lungs. Our case is 19 years old gril with central and peripheral cyanosis and clubbing from several years ago who had several recurrent pulmonary infection from childhood with history of PA banding surgery. She had dextrocardia، asplenia and cardiac abnormality were detected in CXR، echocardiography and sonography. Management of this abnormality include surgical correction and prevention of infection with vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis due to asplenia.